Water from the mains, used by manufacturing, farming, houses (toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks), hospitals, commercial and industrial sites, is reduced in quality as a result of the introduction of contaminating constituents. Organic wastes, suspended solids, bacteria, nitrates, and phosphates are pollutants that must be removed.
To make wastewater acceptable for reuse or for returning to the environment, the concentration of contaminants must be reduced to a safe level, usually a standard set by the Environment Agency.
Sewage Treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage water.
It includes physical, biological and sometimes chemical processes to remove pollutants. Its aim is to produce an environmentally safe sewage water, called effluent, and a solid waste, called sludge or bio-solids, suitable for disposal or reuse. Reuse is often for agricultural purposes, but more recently, sludge is being used as a fuel source
TYPES OF S.T.P.:-
MBBR(Moving Bed Bio-film Reactor) BASED :- STP MBBR technology is the use of a moving bed biofilm reactor in sewage treatment plants. The technology is used to separate organic substances, nitrification and denitrification MBBR design is made of an activated sludge aeration system.
MBR(Membrane Bio Reactor) BASED :- Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a process that combines a membrane ultra / micro filtration process and activated sludge process. The MBR process is used in place of the secondary sedimentation tank and sand filter used for tertiary treatment in the conventional activated sludge process.
SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) BASED :- Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) or sequential batch reactors are a type of activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater. Oxygen is bubbled through the mixture of wastewater and activated sludge to reduce the organic matter (measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). The treated effluent may be suitable for discharge to surface waters or possibly for use on land.
SAFF(Submerged Aerobic Fixed Film Reactor) BASED :- In the wastewater industry, SAFF Technology is seen as the simple and cost effective method of commercial and residential sewage sanitation / waste water treatment, particularly for small to medium sized treatment plants where available land is limited, and where full time operational manning would be uneconomical.
Benefits of MBBR Technology:-
Saving of space due to its compactness
Good for a high volume of load
Extension and expanding are easy. This made possible by increasing the filling degree of carriers.
MBBR is not affected by toxic shock
Independent process performance because there is no return line for sludge; the MBBR eliminates the return activated sludge (RAS)
It has high effectiveness of sludge retention time (SRT) which enhances the nitrification process
Production of sludge is lower
It does not need recycling of the sludge-like activated sludge system
MBBR media is installed to retrofit existing activated sludge tanks in order to increase its capacity
Benefits of MBR Technology:-
